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Phil's Old and Odd Brass Collection:
US Civil War 1860-65 Band Instruments
Trumpets
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Flugels and
Keyed Bugles
Middle Brass
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French  Horns
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and Tenor Tubas
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and Signal Horn
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Johann Joseph Schneider Tenor Horn c.1850
This is  a Schneider tenor horn with what looks like Vienna valves which currently resides in the Leipzig Museum and is an example of the "flugel" instruments popular in the early 1800s - many predating the Saxhorns  . Schneider wasn't an inventor, he just built horns that were popular in his day. He made instruments from 1845 to 1850, so his influences predate that period by some time. Many of these instruments predate or were pretty much identical to certain of the Saxhorns, especially the Eb tenor and Bb baritone flugles that were configured pretty much like saxhorns.